īridge departed from whist with the creation of "Biritch" in the 19th century and evolved through the late 19th and early 20th centuries to form the present game. Also, a Spanish textbook in Latin from the first half of the 16th century, "Triumphens Historicus", deals with the same subject. In 1526 the Italian Francesco Berni wrote the oldest known (as of 1960) textbook on a game very similar to whist, known as "Triomfi". The French physician and author Rabelais (1493–1553) mentions a game called "La Triomphe" in one of his works. The idea of a trick-taking 52-card game has its first documented origins in Italy and France. John Collinson's "Biritch, or Russian Whist", 1886īridge is a member of the family of trick-taking games and is a derivative of whist, which had become the dominant such game and enjoyed a loyal following for centuries. Rubber bridge is the most popular variation for casual play, but most club and tournament play involves some variant of duplicate bridge, in which the cards are not re-dealt on each occasion, but the same deal is played by two or more sets of players (or "tables") to enable comparative scoring. The deal is scored based on the number of tricks taken, the contract, and various other factors which depend to some extent on the variation of the game being played.
The cards are then played, the declaring side trying to fulfill the contract, and the defenders trying to stop the declaring side from achieving its goal. During the auction, partners use their bids to also exchange information about their hands, including overall strength and distribution of the suits no other means of conveying or implying any information is permitted. The cards are dealt to the players, and then the players call (or bid) in an auction seeking to take the contract, specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. The game consists of a number of deals, each progressing through four phases. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing bridge at the regional level. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors.
In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Very low to moderate (depending on variant played)Ĭontract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck.
WBF tournament games = 7 + 1⁄ 2 minutes per deal Tactics, communication, memory, probability
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